Which term describes hardware or software implemented to manage and provide protection?

• A. Technical Controls
• B. Detective controls
• C. Preventative Controls
• D. Physical control

Answer: (A)

Technical controls are safeguards implemented with hardware or software to protect information systems and manage access to resources. They include firewalls, encryption, antivirus programs, intrusion prevention or detection systems, and access control mechanisms. These are distinct from physical controls like locks or cameras, and from detective controls that monitor for breaches after they happen. While many technical controls also help prevent incidents, what sets them apart is that they are technology-based protections that actively enforce security policies and protect data.